Comparative study of foliar application of various beer products and sakkara brewing | IJAAR Journals

 

 Authors

This research articles was written by Shyamalee Kohombange, R. G. A. S. Rajapaksha, Nandun Rathnasekara, H. G. Gunathilaka, and M. M. S. P. Munasingha from the institute of the Horticultural Crops Research and Development Institute, Gannoruwa, Sri Lanka and Epsilon Crest Research, Ward Place, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Published by The International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research | IJAAR

 Abstract

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is an important vegetable crop in the tropics. Beer brewing is an intricate process encompassing mixing and further elaboration of four essential raw materials. “Sakkara”, Sri Lankan name for jiggery made by sugar cane stem extract. Sakkara Brewing (SBr) is also an intricate process like beer. It has reported that foliar application of beer and SBr resulted in significant growth stimulation in plants. The objectives of the present study were to compare the effects of five commercially available beer products and SBr on growth, flowering and fruit setting of cucumber plants. The study was conducted at farmer’s poly tunnel in a Completely Randomize Design with seven treatments randomized in five replicates. The treatments were T1 – Carlsberg Special Brew (8.8% Ethanol), T2 – Carlsberg (4.8% Ethanol), T3 – Lion Strong (8.8% Ethanol), T4 – Lion Stout (8.8% Ethanol), T5- Lion Larger (4.8% Ethanol), T6 – SBr (2.2% ethanol, 4% methanol, 2.4 x 104 yeast cells per 1mm3 and PH= 3.36) and T7 – Control (without spraying). Plants were established in pots and standard crop management practices were done. Products were sprayed to the seedlings 15 days after sowing and continued 6 times at 10 days intervals. Measurements were taken on growth, flowering and Fruit setting stages. The higher values of plant growth, reproductive and yield parameters were observed in beer and SBr applied treatments compared to control. SBr is very low cost product compared to commercially available beer. So, it can be recommended for vegetable cultivation as economically feasible and eco-friendly organic product.

 

Citation Sample

Shyamalee Kohombange, R G A S Rajapaksha, Nandun Rathnasekara, H G Gunathilaka, M M S P Munasingha Comparative study of foliar application of various beer products and sakkara brewing on plant growth, flowering and fruit setting of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research | IJAAR 17: 3. 10-15

 Introduction

Beer is a fermented aqueous drink based on starch and flavored by hops. Beer brewing is an intricate process encompassing mixing and further elaboration of four essential raw materials, including barley malt, brewing water, hops and yeast. Beer is a complex mixture; over 400 different compounds have been characterized in beer which, in addition, contains macro molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids. Some of the constituents of beer are derived from the raw materials and survive the brewing process unchanged. Others are the result of chemical and biochemical transformation of the raw materials during malting, mashing, boiling, fermentation and conditioning. Together all these constituents make up the character of beer but, in general, different beers and lagers contain different proportions of the same compounds rather than novel constituents. Beer constituents can be divided into volatile and nonvolatile components (Hough et al., 1982).

Ethanol has been shown to have effects in plant tissues, often associated with ethylene activity (Heins, 1980; Saltveit, 1989; Wu et al., 1990; Mencarelli and Hugo, 1991) and on stomatal resistance by its effect in removing leaf resin (Meinzer et al., 1990). Young tomato plants were treated with foliar sprays of methanol and ethanol. Concentrations ranged from 5 to 20% v/v. foliar sprays resulted in significant growth stimulation. Both alcohols increased leaf and stem fresh and dry weights with the maximum increases at the highest concentrations tested (Rowe et al., 1994). Advanced flowering and fruit setting, number of flowers per plant, number of female flowers per plant and number of fruits per plant were recorded from beer (ethanol 8.8%) applied treatments. So, beer applied plants showed superior results in contrast to control with enhancing flowering as well as fruit setting performances in bitter gourd (Shyamalee et al., 2019).

Sakkara brewing (SBr) is a fermented aqueous drink based on cane sugar and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). SBr is an intricate process encompassing mixing and further elaboration of essential raw materials, including cane sugar, water and yeast.  It contains around 5x108 yeast cells per 1mm3, 0.5% ethanol, 3% methanol and PH of the SBr is 4.29. The highest values of plant growth parameters and reproductive parameters of Cucumber were observed in 20% SBr applied treatments (Shyamalee et al., 2019). Also, the highest values of plant growth parameters and reproductive parameters of Ridge gourd were observed in 40% SBr applied treatments (Shyamalee et al., 2019). Yeast as a natural source of cytokinins-stimulates cell division and enlargement as well as the synthesis and enlargement as well as the synthesis of protein, nucleic acid and chlorophyll (Kraig and Haber, 1980; Spencer et al., 1983; Casel franco and Beale, 1983 and Fathy and Farid, 1996). It is used as a kind of bio fertilizers in soil fertilization or in foliar application on the shoots of vegetable crops (El-Ghamring et al., 1999). This is because it’s content of many nutrient elements and being productive compounds of semi growth regulator compound like auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins (Glick, 1995).

Moreover, Gomaa et al., (2005) reported that inclusion the foliar application of yeast significantly increased potato yield in comparison with the positive control. Also, Hussain and Khalaf, (2007) found that spraying yeast solution treatments significantly increased plant height, number of branches/plant, dry matter of vegetative growth, number of tubers/plant, dry matter percentage of tubers, yield/plant, dry matter percentage of tuber, yield/plant and TSS. All the above mentioned characters were increased with increasing the foliar application of yeast treatments. Recently, Sarhan and Abdullah, (2010) mentioned that the treatments of yeast suspension caused gradual significant increase in plant height, number of aerial stem, leaves area, total chlorophyll and shoots dry matter percentage. Beer spraying is a normal practice in some Sri Lankan farmers especially for lettuce, tomato, leeks, bitter gourd and pumpkin (Personal communication with extension officers). The experiment reported here was designed to compare the foliar application of various beer brewings and SBr on plant growth, flowering and fruit setting of cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants under greenhouse condition.

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Shyamalee Kohombange, Rajapaksha RG, Nandun Rathnasekara AS. 2019. Effects of Foliar Application of “Sakkara” Brewing on the Growth, Flowering and Fruit Setting of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Plants under Greenhouse Condition, International Journal of Current Innovations in Advanced Research, Volume 2, Issue 4, April 39-43, ISSN: 2636-6282.

Shyamalee Kohombange, Rajapaksha RG, Nandun Rathnasekara AS. 2019. Effects of Foliar Application of “Sakkara” Brewing on the Growth, Flowering and Fruit Setting of Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula)) Plants under Greenhouse Condition, International Journal of Current Innovations in Advanced Research, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 23-28, ISSN: 2636-6282.

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